// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 The go-mail Authors
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

package mail

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"encoding/asn1"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"sort"
	"time"

	_ "crypto/sha1" // for crypto.SHA1
)

// PKCS7 Represents a PKCS7 structure
type PKCS7 struct {
	Content      []byte
	Certificates []*x509.Certificate
	CRLs         []x509.RevocationList
	Signers      []signerInfo
	raw          interface{}
}

type contentInfo struct {
	ContentType asn1.ObjectIdentifier
	Content     asn1.RawValue `asn1:"explicit,optional,tag:0"`
}

var (
	oidData                   = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 7, 1}
	oidSignedData             = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 7, 2}
	oidAttributeContentType   = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 9, 3}
	oidAttributeMessageDigest = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 9, 4}
	oidAttributeSigningTime   = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 9, 5}
)

type signedData struct {
	Version                    int                        `asn1:"default:1"`
	DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers []pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier `asn1:"set"`
	ContentInfo                contentInfo
	Certificates               rawCertificates       `asn1:"optional,tag:0"`
	CRLs                       []x509.RevocationList `asn1:"optional,tag:1"`
	SignerInfos                []signerInfo          `asn1:"set"`
}

type rawCertificates struct {
	Raw asn1.RawContent
}

type attribute struct {
	Type  asn1.ObjectIdentifier
	Value asn1.RawValue `asn1:"set"`
}

type issuerAndSerial struct {
	IssuerName   asn1.RawValue
	SerialNumber *big.Int
}

// MessageDigestMismatchError is returned when the signer data digest does not
// match the computed digest for the contained content
type MessageDigestMismatchError struct {
	ExpectedDigest []byte
	ActualDigest   []byte
}

func (err *MessageDigestMismatchError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("pkcs7: Message digest mismatch\n\tExpected: %X\n\tActual  : %X", err.ExpectedDigest, err.ActualDigest)
}

type signerInfo struct {
	Version                   int `asn1:"default:1"`
	IssuerAndSerialNumber     issuerAndSerial
	DigestAlgorithm           pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier
	AuthenticatedAttributes   []attribute `asn1:"optional,tag:0"`
	DigestEncryptionAlgorithm pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier
	EncryptedDigest           []byte
	UnauthenticatedAttributes []attribute `asn1:"optional,tag:1"`
}

func (raw rawCertificates) Parse() ([]*x509.Certificate, error) {
	if len(raw.Raw) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	var val asn1.RawValue
	if _, err := asn1.Unmarshal(raw.Raw, &val); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return x509.ParseCertificates(val.Bytes)
}

func marshalAttributes(attrs []attribute) ([]byte, error) {
	encodedAttributes, err := asn1.Marshal(struct {
		A []attribute `asn1:"set"`
	}{A: attrs})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Remove the leading sequence octets
	var raw asn1.RawValue
	if _, err := asn1.Unmarshal(encodedAttributes, &raw); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return raw.Bytes, nil
}

var (
	oidDigestAlgorithmSHA1  = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 3, 14, 3, 2, 26}
	oidSignatureSHA1WithRSA = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 2, 840, 113549, 1, 1, 5}
)

func getCertFromCertsByIssuerAndSerial(certs []*x509.Certificate, ias issuerAndSerial) *x509.Certificate {
	for _, cert := range certs {
		if isCertMatchForIssuerAndSerial(cert, ias) {
			return cert
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// GetOnlySigner returns an x509.Certificate for the first signer of the signed
// data payload. If there are more or less than one signer, nil is returned
func (p7 *PKCS7) GetOnlySigner() *x509.Certificate {
	if len(p7.Signers) != 1 {
		return nil
	}
	signer := p7.Signers[0]
	return getCertFromCertsByIssuerAndSerial(p7.Certificates, signer.IssuerAndSerialNumber)
}

// ErrUnsupportedAlgorithm tells you when our quick dev assumptions have failed
var ErrUnsupportedAlgorithm = errors.New("pkcs7: cannot decrypt data: only RSA, DES, DES-EDE3, AES-256-CBC and AES-128-GCM supported")

func isCertMatchForIssuerAndSerial(cert *x509.Certificate, ias issuerAndSerial) bool {
	return cert.SerialNumber.Cmp(ias.SerialNumber) == 0 && bytes.Equal(cert.RawIssuer, ias.IssuerName.FullBytes)
}

func unmarshalAttribute(attrs []attribute, attributeType asn1.ObjectIdentifier, out interface{}) error {
	for _, attr := range attrs {
		if attr.Type.Equal(attributeType) {
			_, err := asn1.Unmarshal(attr.Value.Bytes, out)
			return err
		}
	}
	return errors.New("pkcs7: attribute type not in attributes")
}

// UnmarshalSignedAttribute decodes a single attribute from the signer info
func (p7 *PKCS7) UnmarshalSignedAttribute(attributeType asn1.ObjectIdentifier, out interface{}) error {
	sd, ok := p7.raw.(signedData)
	if !ok {
		return errors.New("pkcs7: payload is not signedData content")
	}
	if len(sd.SignerInfos) < 1 {
		return errors.New("pkcs7: payload has no signers")
	}
	attributes := sd.SignerInfos[0].AuthenticatedAttributes
	return unmarshalAttribute(attributes, attributeType, out)
}

// SignedData is an opaque data structure for creating signed data payloads
type SignedData struct {
	sd            signedData
	certs         []*x509.Certificate
	messageDigest []byte
}

// Attribute represents a key value pair attribute. Value must be marshalable byte
// `encoding/asn1`
type Attribute struct {
	Type  asn1.ObjectIdentifier
	Value interface{}
}

// SignerInfoConfig are optional values to include when adding a signer
type SignerInfoConfig struct {
	ExtraSignedAttributes []Attribute
}

// newSignedData initializes a SignedData with content
func newSignedData(data []byte) (*SignedData, error) {
	content, err := asn1.Marshal(data)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ci := contentInfo{
		ContentType: oidData,
		Content:     asn1.RawValue{Class: 2, Tag: 0, Bytes: content, IsCompound: true},
	}
	digAlg := pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier{
		Algorithm: oidDigestAlgorithmSHA1,
	}
	h := crypto.SHA1.New()
	h.Write(data)
	md := h.Sum(nil)
	sd := signedData{
		ContentInfo:                ci,
		Version:                    1,
		DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers: []pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier{digAlg},
	}
	return &SignedData{sd: sd, messageDigest: md}, nil
}

type attributes struct {
	types  []asn1.ObjectIdentifier
	values []interface{}
}

// Add adds the attribute, maintaining insertion order
func (attrs *attributes) Add(attrType asn1.ObjectIdentifier, value interface{}) {
	attrs.types = append(attrs.types, attrType)
	attrs.values = append(attrs.values, value)
}

type sortableAttribute struct {
	SortKey   []byte
	Attribute attribute
}

type attributeSet []sortableAttribute

func (sa attributeSet) Len() int {
	return len(sa)
}

func (sa attributeSet) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return bytes.Compare(sa[i].SortKey, sa[j].SortKey) < 0
}

func (sa attributeSet) Swap(i, j int) {
	sa[i], sa[j] = sa[j], sa[i]
}

func (sa attributeSet) attributes() []attribute {
	attrs := make([]attribute, len(sa))
	for i, attr := range sa {
		attrs[i] = attr.Attribute
	}
	return attrs
}

func (attrs *attributes) forMarshaling() ([]attribute, error) {
	sortables := make(attributeSet, len(attrs.types))
	for i := range sortables {
		attrType := attrs.types[i]
		attrValue := attrs.values[i]
		asn1Value, err := asn1.Marshal(attrValue)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		attr := attribute{
			Type:  attrType,
			Value: asn1.RawValue{Tag: 17, IsCompound: true, Bytes: asn1Value}, // 17 == SET tag
		}
		encoded, err := asn1.Marshal(attr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		sortables[i] = sortableAttribute{
			SortKey:   encoded,
			Attribute: attr,
		}
	}
	sort.Sort(sortables)
	return sortables.attributes(), nil
}

// addSigner signs attributes about the content and adds certificate to payload
func (sd *SignedData) addSigner(cert *x509.Certificate, pkey crypto.PrivateKey, config SignerInfoConfig) error {
	attrs := &attributes{}
	attrs.Add(oidAttributeContentType, sd.sd.ContentInfo.ContentType)
	attrs.Add(oidAttributeMessageDigest, sd.messageDigest)
	attrs.Add(oidAttributeSigningTime, time.Now())
	for _, attr := range config.ExtraSignedAttributes {
		attrs.Add(attr.Type, attr.Value)
	}
	finalAttrs, err := attrs.forMarshaling()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	signature, err := signAttributes(finalAttrs, pkey, crypto.SHA1)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ias, err := cert2issuerAndSerial(cert)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	signer := signerInfo{
		AuthenticatedAttributes:   finalAttrs,
		DigestAlgorithm:           pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier{Algorithm: oidDigestAlgorithmSHA1},
		DigestEncryptionAlgorithm: pkix.AlgorithmIdentifier{Algorithm: oidSignatureSHA1WithRSA},
		IssuerAndSerialNumber:     ias,
		EncryptedDigest:           signature,
		Version:                   1,
	}
	// create signature of signed attributes
	sd.certs = append(sd.certs, cert)
	sd.sd.SignerInfos = append(sd.sd.SignerInfos, signer)
	return nil
}

// addCertificate adds the certificate to the payload. Useful for parent certificates
func (sd *SignedData) addCertificate(cert *x509.Certificate) {
	sd.certs = append(sd.certs, cert)
}

// detach removes content from the signed data struct to make it a detached signature.
// This must be called right before Finish()
func (sd *SignedData) detach() {
	sd.sd.ContentInfo = contentInfo{ContentType: oidData}
}

// finish marshals the content and its signers
func (sd *SignedData) finish() ([]byte, error) {
	sd.sd.Certificates = marshalCertificates(sd.certs)
	inner, err := asn1.Marshal(sd.sd)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	outer := contentInfo{
		ContentType: oidSignedData,
		Content:     asn1.RawValue{Class: 2, Tag: 0, Bytes: inner, IsCompound: true},
	}
	return asn1.Marshal(outer)
}

func cert2issuerAndSerial(cert *x509.Certificate) (issuerAndSerial, error) {
	var ias issuerAndSerial
	// The issuer RDNSequence has to match exactly the sequence in the certificate
	// We cannot use cert.Issuer.ToRDNSequence() here since it mangles the sequence
	ias.IssuerName = asn1.RawValue{FullBytes: cert.RawIssuer}
	ias.SerialNumber = cert.SerialNumber

	return ias, nil
}

// signs the DER encoded form of the attributes with the private key
func signAttributes(attrs []attribute, pkey crypto.PrivateKey, hash crypto.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
	attrBytes, err := marshalAttributes(attrs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	h := hash.New()
	h.Write(attrBytes)
	hashed := h.Sum(nil)
	switch priv := pkey.(type) {
	case *rsa.PrivateKey:
		return rsa.SignPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, priv, crypto.SHA1, hashed)
	}
	return nil, ErrUnsupportedAlgorithm
}

// concats and wraps the certificates in the RawValue structure
func marshalCertificates(certs []*x509.Certificate) rawCertificates {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	for _, cert := range certs {
		buf.Write(cert.Raw)
	}
	rawCerts, _ := marshalCertificateBytes(buf.Bytes())
	return rawCerts
}

// Even though, the tag & length are stripped out during marshalling the
// RawContent, we have to encode it into the RawContent. If its missing,
// then `asn1.Marshal()` will strip out the certificate wrapper instead.
func marshalCertificateBytes(certs []byte) (rawCertificates, error) {
	val := asn1.RawValue{Bytes: certs, Class: 2, Tag: 0, IsCompound: true}
	b, err := asn1.Marshal(val)
	if err != nil {
		return rawCertificates{}, err
	}
	return rawCertificates{Raw: b}, nil
}